Accounting & Bookkeeping

What is Cash Flow?

The net amount of cash and cash equivalents moving into and out of a business during a specific period.

How It Works

Cash flow is categorized into three types: Operating (day-to-day business activities), Investing (buying/selling assets), and Financing (borrowing, repaying debt, issuing equity). Positive cash flow means more money is coming in than going out. A company can be profitable on paper but still fail if it runs out of cash — this is why cash flow management is often considered more important than profit.

Formula

Net Cash Flow = Cash Inflows − Cash Outflows

Real-World Example

A business collects ₹10,00,000 from customers but pays ₹7,50,000 in expenses, rent, and salaries. Its net cash flow is ₹2,50,000 positive.

Why It Matters

1

Ensures accurate financial reporting and record-keeping

2

Helps maintain regulatory and tax compliance

3

Enables better-informed business decisions

4

Improves operational efficiency and cash flow management

Frequently Asked Questions

Can a profitable company have negative cash flow?

Yes. If a company recognizes revenue on accrual basis but hasn't collected the cash, or if it has heavy capital expenditure, it can be profitable on paper but cash-negative.

What are the three types of cash flow?

Operating cash flow (core business), Investing cash flow (asset purchases/sales), and Financing cash flow (debt and equity transactions).

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