The cumulative net profits of a company that have been kept in the business rather than distributed as dividends to shareholders.
Retained earnings represent the total accumulated profits minus all dividends paid since the company's inception. They appear in the shareholders' equity section of the balance sheet. Positive retained earnings mean the company has been profitable overall. They fund growth — paying for new equipment, hiring, R&D, or debt repayment — without needing external financing. Negative retained earnings (accumulated deficit) indicate cumulative losses exceeding cumulative profits.
Starting retained earnings ₹25,00,000 + Current year net profit ₹8,00,000 − Dividends paid ₹3,00,000 = Ending retained earnings ₹30,00,000.
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No. Retained earnings are a balance sheet entry, not a cash reserve. The profits may have been reinvested in inventory, equipment, or receivables. Check the cash flow statement for actual cash position.
Yes, this is called an 'accumulated deficit' and means the company has lost more money than it has earned over its lifetime. It's a serious concern for investors and creditors.
The residual interest in the assets of a business after deducting all its liabilities. Also called owner's equity, net worth, or shareholders' equity.
A financial statement that shows a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time.
The total profit of a business after deducting all expenses, taxes, and costs from total revenue. Also called the bottom line or net income.
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